? ee1 ? design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. aluminum electrolytic capacitor/v-a v series: a type : -40 to + 85 c 4 to 50 v .dc 0.1 to 820 f 20 % (120hz/+20 c) i < 0.01 cv or 3( a) after 2min. (-): negative polarity marking (no marking for bi-polar) marking example : 50 v1f (bi-polar i < 0.02 cv or 6 (a) after 2min. (whichever is the greater) capacitance (f) rated voltage (v.dc) 1 50 a w.v. tan d w.v. tan d 4 6.3 10 16 25 35 50 0.35 0.26 0.20 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.12 bi-polar 4 6.3 10 16 25 35 50 0.70 0.52 0.40 0.32 0.28 0.24 0.24 w.v. (v) 4 6.3 10 16 25 35 50 -25 / +20 c 7 4 3 2 2 2 2 -40 / +20 c 15 8 6 4 4 3 3 e c e v series code size code a an b,c,d,e,f,g b,c,d polarized bi-polar rp p w=12 mmw=16 mm w=24 mm f 4 (b) f 5, f 6.3, f 8x 6.2(c.d.e) f 8x10.2, f 10x10.2(f,g) surface mount type discontinued features endurance :85 c 2000 h specification tan d operating temp. range rated w.v. range nominal cap. range capacitance tol. dc leakage current characteristics at low temperature endurance shelf life resistance to soldering heat after applying rated working voltage for 1000 hours at +85 2 c, and then being stabilized at +20 c, capacitance shall meet following limits. ( f 8, f 10 : +85 c 2000h) capacitance change tan d dc leakage current < 20% of initial measured value (4w.v.: < 30%) < 200% of initial specified value < initial specified value capacitance change tan d dc leakage current < 10% of initial measured value < initial specified value < initial specified value (120hz / +20 c) (impedance ratio at 120hz) after storage for 1000 hours at +85 c with no voltage applied and then being stabilized at +20 c, capacitor shall meet the limits specified in ?endurance?. after being placed for 30 seconds on a plate(termination face down on to the plate) heated to +250 c and then being stabilized at +20 c, capacitor shall meet the following limits. explanation of part number dimensions in mm (not to scale) common code shape w.v. code series code capacitance code suffix taped on reel series identification (no marking : a size) polarized (mm) ( ) reference size k 0.3 max f d0.5 w (i) (p) (i) h l +0.1 @ a 0.2 e,f,g= l 0.3 -0.2 d l a h i w p k size code b c d e f g -0.20 to +0.15 0.2 0.2 -0.20 to +0.15 4.0 5.4 4.3 5.5 max 1.8 0.65 0.1 1.0 0.35 5.0 5.4 5.3 6.5 max 2.2 0.650.1 1.5 0.35 6.3 5.4 6.6 7.8 max 2.6 0.65 0.1 1.8 0.35 8.0 6.2 8.3 9.5 max 3.4 0.650.1 2.2 0.35 8.0 10.2 8.3 10.0 max 3.4 0.900.2 3.1 0.70 10.0 10.2 10.3 12.0 max 3.5 0.900.2 4.6 0.70 -0.20 to +0.15 -0.20 to +0.15 mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
? ee2 ? design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. aluminum electrolytic capacitor/v-a case size / ripple current polarized cap. (f) 0.1 0.22 0.33 0.47 1.0 2.2 3.3 4.7 10 22 33 47 100 220 330 470 680 820 1000 w.v.(v) (0r1)(r22) (r33) (r47) (010) (2r2) (3r3) (4r7) (100) (220) (330) (470) (101) (221) (331) (471) (681) (821) (102) 4(g) 6.3(0j) 10(1a) 16(1c) 25(1e) 35(1v) 50(1h) bb c d 2634 61 82 bc d e f g g g 2946 71 300 380 550 660 700 cd e f g 4373 250330 400 bc d e f g g 2839 70 200280 380 420 bc d d f g 2228 55 65 180310 bc d e e g 2230 60 130165 210 bb b b b b b c d e f g 12 3 5 1016 16 23 35 120110 130 w.v.(v) 6.3(0j) 10(1a) 16(1c) 25(1e) 35(1v) 50(1h) 0.220.33 0.47 1.0 2.2 3.3 4.7 10 22 33 47 (r22)(r33 (r47) (010) (2r2) (3r3) (4r7) (100) (220) (330) (470) cap. (f) d 46 bd 2543 bb c d 1420 25 39 cc d 1821 28 b1 2 bb b b c c d 23 5 1016 21 31 bi-polar size code ripplecurrent (ma) r.m.s. (120hz / +85 c) ( ) : show w.v. and capacitance code ( ) : shows w.v. and capacitance code size code ripplecurrent discontinued mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
aluminum electrolytic capacitor design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. ? ee16 ? application guidelines1. circuit design ensure that operational and mounting conditions follw the specified c onditions detailed in the catalog and specification sheets. 1.1 operating temperature and frequency electrolytic capacitor electrical parameters are normally specified at 20 c temperature and 120hz frequency. these par ameters vary with changes in temper ature and fr equency. circuit designers should take these changes into consideration. (1) eff ects of operating temperature on electrical parameters a)at higher temperatures, leakage current and capacitance increase while equivalent series resistance(esr) decreases. b)at lower temperatures, leakage current and capacitance decrease while equivalent series resistance(esr) increases. (2) effects of f requency on electr ical parameters a)at higher frequencies, capacitance and impedance decrease while tan d increases. b)at lower frequencies, r ipple current generated heat will r ise due to an increase in equivalent series resistance (esr). 1.2 operating temperature and life expectancy (1) expected life is affected by operating temperature. generally, each 10 c reduction in temperature will double the expected life. use capacitors at the lowest possible temper ature below the maximum guaranteed temperature. (2) if operating conditions exceed the maximum guaranteed limit, rapid eiectrical parameter deterioration will occur, and irreversible damage will result. check for maximum capacitor operating tempera- tures including ambient temperature, internal capacitor temperature rise caused by ripple current, and the effects of radiated heat from power transistors, ic?s or resistors. avoid placing c omponents which could conduct heat to the c apacitor from the back side of the circuit board. (3)the formula for calculating e xpected iife at lower operating temperatures is as fllows; l 2 = l 1 x 2 where, l 1 : guaranteed life (h) at temperature, t 1 c l 2 : expected life (h) at temperature,t 2 c t 1 : maximum operating temperature ( c) t 2 : actual operating temperature, ambient temperature + temperature rise due to ripple currentheating( c) a quick eference capacitor guide for estimating exected life is included for your reference. 2000 5000 10,000 20,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 120 110 100 9080 70 60 5040 8h/d 1 2 3 4 5 7 20 3 6 10 15 20 30 expected life estimate quick reference guide failure rate curve 1. 85 c2000h 2.105 c1000h 3.105 c2000h 4.105 c5000h 1 2 3 4 capacitor ambient temperature (h) years years 24h operat- ion failure rate time initial failure period life time random failure period wear failure period t 1 - t 2 10 mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. aluminum electrolytic capacitor ? ee17 ? typical failure modes and their factors faliure mode faliure mechanism (internal phenomenon) production factor application factor vent operates increase in internal pressure increase in inter- nal temperature overvoltage applied excessive ripple current reverse voltage applied severe charging-discharging ac voltage applied used for a high temperature used for a long period of time stress applied to leads use of halogenated solvent use of adhesive use of coating material defect of oxide film insufficientelectrolyte metal particles in capacitor burr(s) on foil leads leads improperly connected mechanical stress leads improperly connected corrosion infiltration of cl insulation breakdown of film or electrolytic paper electrolyte evapora- tion deterioration of oxide film reduced cathode foil capacitance reduced anode foil capacitance capacitancereduction tan d increase leakage currentincrease short circuit open mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
aluminum electrolytic capacitor design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. ? ee18 ? 1.3 common application conditions to avoid the following misapplication load conditions will cause rapid deterioration to capacitor electrical parameters. ln addition, rapid heating and gas generation within the capacitor can occur causing the pressure relief vent to operate and resuitant leakage of electrolyte. under extreme conditions, explosion and fire could result. leakinq electrolyte is combustible and electrically conductive. (1) reverse voltaqe dc capacitors have polarity. verify correct polarity before insertion. for circuits with changing or uncertain polarity,use dc bipolar capacitors. dc bipolar capacitors are not s uitable for use in ac circuits. (2) charqe/discharqe applications standard capacitors are not suitable for use in repeating charge/discharge applications. for charqe/discharqe applications consult us and advise actual conditions. (3) overvoltage do not appiy voltaqes e xceeding the maximum specified rated voltages. voltage up to the surge voltage rating are acceptable for short periods of time. ensure that the sum of the dc voltage and the superimposed ac ripple v oltage does not exceed the rated voltage. (4) ripple current do not apply ripple currents exceeding the maximum specified value. for high ripple current applications, use a capacitor designed for high rippie currents or contact us with your requirements. ensure that allowable ripple currents superimposed on low dc bias voltages do not cause reverse voltage conditions. 1.4 using two or more capacitors in series or parallel (1) capacitors connected in parallel the circuit resistance can closely approximate the series resistance of the capacitor causing an imbalance of ripple current loads within the capacitors. careful design of wiring methods can minimize the possibility of e xcessive r ipple currents applied to a capacitor. (2) capacitors connected in series normal dc leakage current differences among capacitors can cause voltage imbalances. the use of voltage divider shunt resistors with consideration to leakage currents, can prevent capacitor voltage imbaiances. 1.5 capacitor mounting considerations (1) doubie - sided circuit boards avoid wiring pattern runs which pass between the mounted capacitor and the circuit board. when dipping into a solder bath, excess sol der may collect under the capacitor by capillary action and shortcircuit the anode and cathode terminals. (2) circuit board hole positioning the vinyl sleeve of the capacitor can be damaged if solder passes through a lead hole for subsequently proc essed parts. special care when locating hole positions in proximity to capacitors is recommended. (3) circuit board hole spacing the circuit board holes spacing should ma tch the capacitor lead wire spacing within the specified tolerances. incorrect spacing can cause excessive lead wire stress dur ing the insertion process. this may resuit in pr emature capacitor failure due to short or open circuit, increased leakage current, or electrolyte leakage. (4)land/pad pattern the circuit board land/pad pattern size for chip capacitors is specified in the following table. [ table of board land size vs. capacitor size ] among others, when the size a is wide , back fillet can not be made, decreasing fitting strength. ? decide considering mounting condition, solderability and fitting strength, etc. based on the design standards of your company. b a b c board land part size a( f 3) b( f 4) c( f 5) d( f 6.3) e( f 8 x 6.2l) f( f 8 x 10.2l) g( f 10 x 10.2l) a0.6 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.6 b 2.2 2.5. 2.8 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 c1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 (mm) mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. aluminum electrolytic capacitor ? ee19 ? (5)clearance for case mounted pressure relief vents capacitors with case mounted pressure relief vents require sufficient clearance to allow for proper vent operation. the minimum c learances are dependent on capacitor diameters as follows. f 6.3 to f 16 mm : 2 mm minimum, f 18 to f 35 mm : 3 mm minimum. f 40 mm or greater: 5 mm minimum (6)clearance for seal mounted pressure relief vents a hole in the c ircuit board directly under the seal vent location is required to allow proper release of pressure. (7)wiring near the pressure relief vent avoid locating high voltage or high current wiringor circuit board paths above the pressure relief vent. flammable, high temperature gas exceeding 100 c may be rel eased which could dissolve the wire insulation and ignite. (8)circuit board patterns under the capacitor avoid circuit board runs under the capacitor as electrolyte leakage could cause an electrical short. (9)screw terminal capacitor mounting do not orient the capacitor w ith the screw terminal side of the capacitor facing downwards. tighten the terminal and mounting bracket screws within the torque range specified in the specification. 1.6electrical isolation of the capacitor completely isolate the capacitor as follows. between the cathode and the case (except for axially leaded b types) and between the anode terminal and other circuit paths. between the extra mounting terminals (on t types)and the anode terminal, cathode terminal, and other circuit paths. 1.7 capacitor sleeve the vinyl sleeve or laminate coating is intended for marking and identification purposes and is not meant to electrically insulate the capacitor. the sleeving may sp lit or crack if immersed into solvents such as t oluene or xylene, and then exposed to high temperatures. always consider safety when designing equipmentand circuits. plan for worst case failure modes such as short circuits and open circuits which could occur during use. (1)provide protection circuits and protection devices to allow safe failure modes. (2)design redundant or secondary circuits where possible to assure continued operation in case ofmain circuit failure. 2. capacitor handling techniques 2.1 considerations before using (1) capacitors have a finite life. do not reuse or recycle capacitors from used equipment. (2) transient recovery voltage may be generated in the capacitor due to dielectric absorption. if required, this voltage can be discharged with a resistor with a value of about 1 k w . (3) capacitors stored for long periods of time may exhibit an increase in leakage current. this can be corrected by gradually applying rated voltage in series with a resistor of approximately 1 k w . (4) if capacitors are dropped, they can be damaged mechanically or electrically. avoid using dropped capacitors. (5) dented or crushed capacitors should not be used. the seal i ntegrity can be com promised and loss of electrolyte/shortened life can result. 2.2 capacitor insertion (1) verify the correct capacitance and rated voltage of the capacitor. (2) verify the correct polarity of the capacitor before inserting. (3) verify the correct hole spacing before insertion(land pattern size on chip type) to avoid stress on the terminals. (4) ensure that the auto insertion equipment lead clinching operation does not stress the capacitor leads where they enter the seal of the capacitor. for chip type capacitors, exce ssive mounting pressure can cause high leakage current, short circuit, or disconnection. 2.3 manual soldering (1) observe temperature and time soldering specifications or do not exceed temperatures of350 c for 3 seconds or less. (2) if lead wires must be formed to meet terminal board hole spacing, avoid stress on the leadwirewhere it enters the capacitor seal. (3) if a soldered capacitor must be removed and reinserted, avoid excessive stress to the capacitorleads. (4) aviod touching the tip of the soldering iron to the capacitor, to prevent melting of the vinyl sleeve. mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
aluminum electrolytic capacitor design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. ? ee20 ? 2.4 flow soldering (1) don not immerse the capacitor body into the solder bath as excessive internal pressure couldresult. (2) observe proper sol dering conditions (temperature, time, etc.). do not exceed the specified limits. (3) do not allow other parts or comp onents to touch the capacitor during soldering. 2.5 reflow soldering for chip capacitors (1) for reflow, use a thermal conduction system such as infrared radiation (ir) or hot blast. vapor heattransfer systems (vps) are not recommended. (2) observe proper soldering conditions (temperature, time, etc.). do not exceed the specified limits. (3) reflow should be performed one time. consult us for additional reflow restrictions. 2.7 capacitor handling after soldering (1) avoid movement of the capacitor after soldering to prevent excessive stress on the leadwires where they enter the seal. (2) do not use the capacitor as a handle when moving the circuit board assembly. (3) avoid striking the capacitor after assembly to prevent failure due to excessive shock. 2.8 circuit board cleaning (1) circuit boards can be immersed or u ltrasonic ally cleaned using suitable cleaning solvents for up to 5 minutes and up to 60 c maximum temperatures. the boards should be thoroughly rinsed and dried.recommended cleaning solvents include pine alpha st-100s, sunelec b-12, dk beclear cw-5790, aqua cleaner 2 10sep, cold cleaner p3-375, telpen cleaner ec-7r, c lean-thru 750h, clean-thru 750l, clean thru 710m, technocleaner 219, techno care frw- 17, techno care frw-1, techno care frv-1, ipa (isopropyl alcohol) ? the use of ozone d epleting cleaning agents are not recommended in the interest of protecting the environment. (2) avoid using the following solvent groups unless specifically allowed for in the specification; halogenated cleaning solvents: except for solvent resistant capacitor types, halogenated solvents can p ermeate the seal and cause internal capacitor corrosion and failure. for solvent resistant capacitors, carefully follow thetemperature and time requirements of the specificaion. 1-1-1 trichloroe thane should never be used on any aluminium electrolytic capacitor. alkali solvents: could attack and dissolve the aluminum case. petroleum based solvents: deterioration of therubber seal could result. xylene: deterioration of the rubber seal couldresult. acetone: removal of the ink markings on thevinyl sleeve could result. time in200c or more 250200 150 100 50 120 (s) 5 (s) time 240230 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 240230 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2.6 other soldering considerations rapid temperature rises during the preheat operation and resin bonding operation can cause cracking of the capacitor vinyl sleeve. for heatcuring, do not exceed 150 c for a maximum time of 2 minutes. ? temperature measuring method: measure temperature in assuming quantitative production, by sticking the t hermo-couple to the capacitor upper part with epoxy adhesives. peak temperature parts upper part temperature ( c) chip capacitor reflow guaranteed condition time in 200 c or more (s) ( f 3 to 6.3 f ) peak temperature ( c) peak t emperature ( c) time in 200 c or more (s) ( f 8 to f10 ) 160 c 240230 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 eb series peak temperature ( c) time in 200 c or more (s) ( f 10 to f 18) mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. aluminum electrolytic capacitor ? ee21 ? (3) a thorough drying after cleaning is required to remove residual cleaning solvents which may be trapped between the capacitor and the circuit board. avoid drying temperatures which exceed the maximum rated temperature of the capacitor. (4) monitor the c ontaminat ion levels of the cleaning solvents during use by electrical conductivity, ph,specific gravity, or water content. chlorine levels can rise with contamination and adversely affect the performance of the capacitor. ? please consult us for additonal i nformation about acceptable cleaning solvents or cleaning methods. 2.9 mounting adhesives and coating agents when using mounting adhesives or coating agents to control humidity, avoid using materials containing halogenated solvents. also, avoid the use ofchloroprene based polymers. ? after applying adhesives or coatings, dry thoroughly to prevent residual s olvents from being trapped between the capacitor and the circuit board. 3.precautions for using capacitors 3.1 environmental conditions capacitors should not be used in the following environments. (1) temperature exposure above the maximum rated or below the minimum rated te mperature of the capacitor. (2) direct contact with water, salt water, or oil. (3) high humidity conditions where water could condense on the capacitor. (4) exposure to toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, chlorine, or ammonia. (5) exposure to ozone, radiation, or ultraviolet rays. (6) vibration and shock conditions exceeding specified requirements. 4. emergency procedures (1) if the pressure relief vent of the capacitor operates, immediately turn off the equipment anddisconnect from the power source. this will minimize additional damage caused by the vaporizing electrolyte. (2) avoid contact with the escaping electrolyte gas which can exceed 100 c temperatures. if electrolyte or gas enters the eye, immediatelyflush the eye with large amounts of water. if electrolyte or gas is ingested by mouth, gargle with water. if electrolyte contacts the skin, wash with soap and water. 5. long term storageleakage current of a capacitor increases with long storage times. the aluminium oxide film deteriorates as a function of temperature and time. if used without reconditioning, an abnormally high current will be required to restore the oxide film. this current surge could cause the circuit or the capacitor to fail. capacitor should be reconditioned by applying rated voltage in series with a 1000 w , current limiting resistor for a time period of 30 minutes. 5.1 environmental conditions (storage) capacitors should not be stored in the following environments. (1) temperature exposure above 35c or below 15 c. (2) direct contact with water, salt water, or oil. (3) high humidity conditions where water could condense on the capacitor. (4) exposure to toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide,sulfuric acid, nitric acid, chlorine, orammonia. (5) exposure to ozone, radiation, or ultraviolet rays. (6) vibration and shock conditions exceeding specified requirements. 3.2 electrical precautions (1) avoid touching the terminals of the capacitor as possible electric shock could result. the exposed aluminium case is not insulated and could also cause electric shock if touched. (2)avoid short circuiting the area between the capacitor terminals with conductive materials including liquids such as acids or alkaline solutions. type surface mount type lead type snap-in type series v( except eb series ) bi-polar su m ka bi-polar ka fb fc ga nhg eb ta ts upts ha cleaning permitted ll l (~ 100v) ll l l l l( ~ 100v) l( ~ 100v) l l( ~ 100v) l( ~ 100v) mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
aluminum electrolytic capacitor design, specifications are subject to change without notice. ask factory for technical specifications before purchase and/or u se. whenever a doubt about safety arises from this product, please inform us immediately for technical consulation without fail. ? ee22 ? 6.capacitor disposal when disposing of capacitors, use one of the following methods. incinerate after crushing the capacitor orpuncturing the can wall (to prevent explosion due to internal pressure rise). capacitors should be incinerated at high temperatures to prevent the release of toxic gases such as chlorine from the polyvinyl chloride sleeve, etc. dispose of as solid waste. local laws may have specific disposalrequirements which must be followed. the application guidelines above are taken from: technical report eiaj rcr-2367 issued by the japanelectronic industry association, inc. - guideline of notabilia for aluminium electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolytic for use in electronic equipment. refer to this technical report for additional details. mar. 2005 downloaded from: http:///
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